Wie wird eigentlich ein neues Konto erstellt? Woher kommen die 24 Wörter (privater Schlüssel)?
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Ich besitze meine beiden Ledger-Geräte seit 2017, aber von Zeit zu Zeit möchte ich mich über ihre tatsächliche Funktionsweise informieren.
Soweit ich weiß, werden die Konten nicht wirklich erstellt? Wie erhält das Ledger-Gerät also Zugriff auf ein neues Konto und woher bekommt es den privaten Schlüssel?
Hängen diese Konten einfach auf der Blockchain herum, bis auf sie zugegriffen wird und wie? Ich bin vor allem verwirrt, wie ihr privater Schlüssel von meinem Ledger oder einer anderen Wallet abgerufen wird. Und dieser private Schlüssel ist nur für den Zugriff bei der „Erstellung“ des Kontos offensichtlich verfügbar?
Sorry, wenn ich nicht klar in meiner Frage, Hilfe ist geschätzt, danke!
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Imagine an impossibly large bank vault with nearly infinite number of safety deposit boxes. Every box is unlocked and anyone can open any box at any time. Even though hundreds of millions of boxes have something in them, relatively speaking, practically all of the boxes are empty. A billion robots each opening a billion boxes per second for a billion years would still have no chance of finding a box with anything in it.
You generate a very big random number, go to that box, and open it. The chance that someone else had generated the same number is so close to zero that the box is guaranteed to be empty. You don’t have to „register“ your ownership of this box or do anything to announce that this box has been claimed. Simply by generating a number that nobody else has ever generated and will never be generated again, you have claimed sole ownership of this box.
You put your money in the box and sleep tight knowing that nobody else will ever randomly find it. The only thing keeping your money safe is that nobody else knows your number, and the sheer impossibility of randomly opening boxes until finding one with anything in it. Just make sure you keep your number safe and never share it with anyone.
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Ledger devices [generate the 24 word recovery phrases](https://support.ledger.com/hc/en-us/articles/4415198323089-How-Ledger-device-generates-24-word-recovery-phrase?docs=true) that users can utilize to store their assets safely (and the devices generate the recovery phrase using [TRNG](https://support.ledger.com/hc/en-us/articles/360010073520-Quality-of-randomness?docs=true)).
These accounts are generated uniquely by the Ledger devices, and due to the sheer amount of different combinations, 2^256 to be more specific, each generated private key can be reliably created without any doubts over collision (all as a result of the [BIP39 mnemonic standard](https://www.blockplate.com/blogs/blockplate/list-of-bip39-wallets-mnemonic-seed)).
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We call it a „wallet“ and it sounds like everything you put „in“ your wallet exists in some particular place, but that terminology is misleading.
You don’t have an account, but you actually have a secret ID number that is represented by your seed phrase, and from that secret ID number is also generated a non-secret, public number that programs and people can keep track of.
The secrecy of your seed phrase is based only on the nearly unfathomably vast number of possibilities. It seems strange that a list of 24 words could have that result, but doing the math we see that the number of possible results is comparable to the number of atoms in the universe. If every person on the planet picked an atom in the universe via truly random process, it would a near impossibility that more than one person would have picked the same one.
In practice, that is very secure… as long as you’re protecting your seed phrase (and the private key it represents). There’s no security other than that, so keep it secret!
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The device simple picks a random number. If you need an analogy, imagine a giant dice (die) with an unfathomably large number of sides. Now roll that die and there is your number. The die has so many sides that it is impossible to roll the same number twice since it would take so many rolls that it would proceed past the heat death of the universe.
No attempt to filter previous or future rolls of the die. Each roll is just taken at face value.
If you curious about how words and numbers are related you free to read the paper on it, similar to the bitcoin whitepaper
https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki
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I know the impossible odds of drawing the same words in the same order more than once because it’s random and it’s enormous but those sets of words in that order was in fact pulled at random one time to give to you there is a chance albeit very minute but it is possible. Same as me writing down 24 words right now heck even those 12 words I could write it down and I could be correct. It doesn’t mean I have to guess 2048^24 times. I could be right the first time. There are millions of phrases right now and millions more being created. I just think it’s not worth the effort to try to hit the nail on the head the first couple of hundred times trying if you’re doing it manually. But if you have a computer when you’re running the algorithm all day I think it is possible though not probable
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You’re asking two very different questions. The seed is randomly generated on the device. The words comes from the BIP39 word list, which is 2048 words long. The first 23 words are completely random. The 24th word is a checksum to prove you have a valid seed.
But, on to your question about the accounts on the blockchain. The blockchain is a huge database. When you create a keypair, you build a valid wallet address based on the blockchains protocol parameters. The first time its used, its written to the ledger, and is a permanent mark on the blockchain.
If you generated a seed, then generated an address, and then erased your device, the address you created wouldnt ever exist again, since it was never used on the blockchain.
Let me give you an example. Whos going to be the 100,543 person born today? The answer is, we have no fucking clue. But when they’re born, they’ll get a birth certificate, and we’ll have a record of this life history from that point forward.
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The secure chip, also known as a secure element, is a critical component of a cryptocurrency hardware wallet like the Ledger Nano X. It is a specialized microprocessor that is specifically designed to provide robust security measures to protect your private keys and cryptographic data. Here are some key aspects of the secure chip:
1. **Tamper-Resistance:** The secure chip is designed to be tamper-resistant, which means it is built to resist physical attacks that attempt to extract sensitive information or alter its internal workings. This makes it extremely difficult for attackers to access the private keys stored within the chip.
2. **Isolation:** The secure chip operates in an isolated environment, meaning it is segregated from the main processing unit of the device and the connected computer or smartphone. This isolation prevents any unauthorized access or communication with the private keys, ensuring they remain safe even if the connected device is compromised.
3. **Encryption and Decryption:** The secure chip is responsible for securely generating and storing your private keys. When you initiate a cryptocurrency transaction, the chip uses your private keys to sign the transaction digitally, verifying that it was indeed created by you and ensuring its authenticity.
4. **PIN Protection:** The secure chip enforces PIN protection. You set a Personal Identification Number (PIN) during the setup process, and it acts as an additional layer of security. The PIN is required each time you access the hardware wallet or initiate transactions, preventing unauthorized access in case your device gets lost or stolen.
5. **Firmware Integrity:** The secure chip ensures that only authorized and authenticated firmware can run on the hardware wallet. This safeguards against potential malware or malicious firmware updates that could compromise the security of the device.
6. **Secure Boot Process:** During startup, the secure chip initiates a secure boot process, ensuring that the firmware and software running on the hardware wallet are genuine and have not been tampered with.
7. **Random Number Generation:** The secure chip is responsible for generating random numbers, which are essential for cryptographic operations. Proper random number generation is crucial for ensuring the strength of cryptographic keys and preventing predictability.
By incorporating a secure chip into the hardware wallet, like the Ledger Nano X, the device can provide a high level of protection for your private keys and digital assets. This added security layer makes it significantly more challenging for hackers or attackers to compromise your cryptocurrency holdings, giving you greater peace of mind when managing your funds.
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