Private Schlüssel und Wiederherstellung
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Auf der Ledger-Website habe ich gelesen, dass ich ohne Zugang zu meinem Ledger-Gerät mit Hilfe meiner 24-Wörter-Wiederherstellungsphrase meine privaten Schlüssel wiederherstellen kann.
Bedeutet dies, dass die privaten Schlüssel auch auf einem Ledger-Server gespeichert sind (sicherlich mit der 24-Wort-Wiederherstellungsphrase gehasht)? Wie ist es sonst möglich, die privaten Schlüssel von einem anderen Gerät wiederherzustellen, wenn die Schlüssel nur im verlorenen Gerät gespeichert sind?
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>how is it possible to restore the private keys from another device if the keys are stored only inside the lost device?
Because of math.
More to the point, the phrase is really just a way of expressing a private key in an easy to read format. Any device which adheres to the BIP-39 standard will interpret those words in the same way and spit out the same key regardless of device or location. Ledger does not store your phrase and the phrase never leaves the physical device at any time.
Think of it like this. 2+2+2+2=8. It doesn’t matter what calculator you enter this on. It will still spit out 8 because the math adheres to universal standards.
Think of your seed phrase as a „formula“ in the same way. Any BIP-39 device or program will return the same answer.
Also your seed doesn’t exist prior to being generated at random by the random number generator in the Ledger device.
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> Does this mean that private keys are also stored on some Ledger server (surely hashed with the 24-word recovery phrase)?
No. All the private keys are derived from (i.e. mathematically calculated from) your seed phrase, using a mathematical formula often referred as „derivation“.
Nothing is stored on a server. That’s the whole point of using a ledger device.
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Ledger devices are capable of generating multiple private keys (aka unique sets of *separate* [24 word recovery phrases](https://www.ledger.com/academy/crypto/what-is-a-recovery-phrase)) in a manner that a user can use the same singular Ledger device and [generate](https://support.ledger.com/hc/en-us/articles/4415198323089-How-Ledger-device-generates-24-word-recovery-phrase?docs=true) multiple sets of *separate* private keys from the same singular device (however this can get complicated very quickly).
Notably, we at Ledger have no control whatsoever over how the 24 word recovery phrase is generated – or how a user’s unique private keys are generated. We create the hardware devices that let users generate their own 24 word recovery phrase, however we have no control over these private keys in any way, shape, or form.
Essentially, your Ledger device can generate your 24 word recovery phrase, and this set of words (in that precise order) allows you to access your accounts on the blockchain, where your funds reside.
If for any reason you lose your physical Ledger device, or it breaks – you can **always** use your 24 word recovery phrase to [restore](https://support.ledger.com/hc/en-us/articles/4404382560913-Restore-your-Ledger-accounts-with-your-recovery-phrase?support=true) your accounts into a new physical Ledger device.
**Importantly, if you ever lose your physical Ledger device and you don’t have your 24 word recovery phrase written down, then the funds will be permanently lost.**
This is why it’s more important to keep your 24 word recovery phrase written down and safely secured than any other aspect of the self-custody process – you can always use the 24 word recovery phrase to access your funds again at a later date with a replacement device.
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